Essay代寫范文-Cultural Values in China

本文是一篇Essay代寫范文，題目為：Cultural Values in China，范文主要討論了中國的文化價值。中國文化是歷史上為數不多的幾千年文明古國之一，它植根于歷史，但近幾十年來發生了翻天覆地的變化。通過霍夫斯泰德提出的六個維度，可以更好地理解中國的文化價值觀。本文分三對六個維度進行分析。權力與集體主義、陽剛之氣與不確定性、長期取向與約束是中國文化價值觀最顯著的特征。

As one of the few ancient civilizations that survived through the thousands of years of history, the Chinese culture is deeply rooted in history yet going through dramatic changes in the recent decades. The cultural values of China can be better understood though the six dimensions proposed by Hofstede. In this essay, the six dimensions are to be analyzed in three pairs. Power and collectivism, masculinity and uncertainty, long term orientation and restraint are the most notable features of the Chinese cultural values.

中國文化是歷史上為數不多的幾千年文明古國之一，它植根于歷史，但近幾十年來發生了翻天覆地的變化。通過霍夫斯泰德提出的六個維度，可以更好地理解中國的文化價值觀。本文分三對六個維度進行分析。權力與集體主義、陽剛之氣與不確定性、長期取向與約束是中國文化價值觀最顯著的特征。

China has been under the rule of dozens of emperors through the dynasties, and social hierarchy has become imprinted in Chinese culture. Although the concept of democracy has been brought into the country in the modern world, it is rather practiced with caution. With one dominant party ruling the country, Chinese is among the cultures with high power distance index. The members of the Chinese society acknowledge and accept the power inequality at different levels: including schools, families and workplaces. Accordingly, Chinese also value collectivism more than individualism, since the former aligns with the social hierarchy and high power-distance. People don’t like to stand out too much from the crowd in the Chinese culture, while group activity is more likely to bring a sense of safety.

中國歷朝歷代都在幾十位皇帝的統治之下，社會等級制度已經烙印在中國文化中。雖然民主的概念在現代世界已經被帶進了這個國家，但在實踐中卻相當謹慎。中國是一個統治國家的主導黨，是權力距離指數較高的文化之一。中國社會成員承認并接受不同層面的權力不平等：包括學校、家庭和工作場所。因此，中國人也更重視集體主義而不是個人主義，因為集體主義與社會等級制度和高權力距離相一致。在中國文化中，人們不喜歡在人群中脫穎而出，而集體活動更容易帶來安全感。

When it comes to masculinity and femininity, the former is definitely more valued than the latter according to Chinese values. Compared to the humanized approach adopted in some developed countries when it comes to working environment, Chinese usually need to work much harder and longer hours to compete with others. While Confucianism and its definition of women’s subordinate roles to men have had deep influences in China, circumstances are completely different in different parts of China. In the developed urban areas, women enjoy almost the same social status as men do, although they are often underpaid relative to men. In the rural and less developed areas, the major duties of women are still the domestic chores and bearing of children. Due to the high masculinity, Chinese are not good at being too careful and detailed to avoid risks and uncertainties.

說到男性氣質和女性氣質，根據中國人的價值觀，前者肯定比后者更受重視。與一些發達國家在工作環境方面采取的人性化方法相比，中國人通常需要更加努力和更長的工作時間來與他人競爭。雖然儒家思想及其對女性從屬男性角色的定義在中國產生了深遠的影響，但中國不同地區的情況卻完全不同。在發達的城市地區，婦女享有與男子幾乎相同的社會地位，盡管她們的工資往往低于男子。在農村和欠發達地區，婦女的主要職責仍然是家務和生育。由于男性化程度高，中國人不善于過于謹慎和細致，以避免風險和不確定性。

Finally, Chinese ranks the top in the long-tern orientation category. Chinese people are more pragmatic, modest and thrifty in general. Most of the Chinese population are not religious, which again reflects this result. When it comes to indulgence vs. restraint, different regions have different features again. There are some cities in China, such as Chengdu, where leisure is an important element of life, even of higher priority than work. in other places, such as the major cities, work ethics lead to much lower indulgence. In general, China is still a society with more rigid social norms, although things are changing quickly with the increasing influence of the younger generation.

最后，中國人在長期定向類中排名第一。中國人總體上比較務實、謙虛、節儉。大多數中國人不信教，這再次反映了這一結果。說到放縱與克制，不同的地區又有不同的特點。在中國有些城市，比如成都，休閑是生活的重要元素，甚至比工作更重要。在其他地方，如大城市，工作道德導致的放縱要低得多?？偟膩碚f，中國仍然是一個社會規范比較僵化的社會，盡管隨著年輕一代影響力的不斷增強，情況變化很快。

In conclusion, China is observed to value power and social hierarchy, and accepts social inequality as something completely normal. The high masculinity naturally results in low uncertainty avoidance in China. Utilitarianism and pragmatism are also valued in Chinese culture, while religion and indulgence are less important. The analysis by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions has provided a much clearer picture of Chinese cultural values.

總之，中國重視權力和社會等級制度，接受社會不平等是完全正常的。在中國，高陽剛之氣自然會導致低不確定性回避。功利主義和實用主義在中國文化中也很重要，而宗教和放縱則不那么重要?；舴蛩固┑碌奈幕S度分析為中國文化價值觀提供了一個更清晰的圖景。

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